performance
1. Lead-acid batteries (lead-acid gel batteries) are inexpensive and have stable performance. Most electric vehicles on the market use this type of battery.
2. Lithium-ion battery (often called lithium battery) has a higher cost, but has a large specific energy; high specific power; low self-discharge; no memory effect; good cycle characteristics; wide operating temperature range; no environmental pollution, etc. advantage.
3. Crystal gel battery has high cost and stable performance. Electric vehicles using this type of battery are rare in the market. Only a few merchants provide this high-performance battery with the highest safety factor. The service life is much higher than the advantages of the first two types of batteries and the advantages of self-repairing functions are also the industry's leading position. The advantage is that lead-acid batteries do not have the advantage of avoiding the disadvantages of lead-acid batteries.
type
Lithium Ion Battery
Primary battery: throw away when used up and cannot be used repeatedly, such as: carbon-zinc battery, alkaline battery, mercury battery, lithium battery.
Secondary batteries: rechargeable rechargeable users, such as: nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries, nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries, lithium rechargeable batteries, lead-acid batteries, solar batteries, crystal gel batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries.
According to the purpose
industrial use
Example: The factory is used in the product built-in, which is a specific shape or multi-grain composition, such as: electric tools, communication batteries, etc.
Consumer use
Example: For general consumer use, replaceable ones can be purchased on the market, and the most used ones are cylindrical convex-head batteries.
Service life
Batteries are chemical substances and therefore have a certain service life. Primary batteries such as dry batteries (including ordinary alkaline batteries) cannot be recharged. Of course, the service life is only once. For rechargeable batteries, generally we use the number of recharges to measure the length of their service life. The cycle life of nickel-cadmium batteries is about 300-700 times, the rechargeable times of nickel-hydrogen batteries are generally 400-1000 times, and that of lithium-ion batteries is 500-800 times.
The service life of rechargeable batteries is not only affected by factors such as the raw materials used to make the battery, production process, etc., but also has a close relationship with the charging and discharging method of the battery and the actual use of the battery. For example, someone started using 6 nickel-cadmium batteries in 1985, and they have been using them all the time, but the battery capacity has been somewhat reduced. It seems that as long as the method of use is reasonable, the rechargeable battery can reach or even greatly exceed the nominal service life.
Reasons for premature aging of electric vehicle battery life
Why does your electric car battery have premature aging and short-lived? The following editor has compiled a few key points, and I hope it will be helpful to everyone's understanding of the causes of premature battery aging:
1. The car owner has no awareness of battery maintenance, causing serious damage to the battery due to vulcanization. You have to wait until the battery can't run before repairing and maintaining it. At this time, repairing becomes more difficult. In fact, if the maintenance is performed once every 6 months, the life expectancy will be prolonged a lot, but the car owner does not have this awareness. Most of the battery damage starts from excessive water loss caused by the charger.
2. The charger is the killer. Divided into inferior chargers and aging chargers, these battery killers generally play a killer role after the battery 8 months. The reason is that the new battery meets the taste of these battery killers. As the battery ages, the battery cannot meet the killer's requirements. By June of each year, the battery quickly loses water and becomes scrapped.
3. The high starting current of luxury electric vehicles causes battery vulcanization. If the car owner starts the car and accelerates slowly, the battery life and mileage will naturally increase by 20%.
4. The motor controller is damaged, causing the battery to be short-lived. The probability is not high, but there are many.
5. There is no loss of electricity when riding, and the life span is naturally long. The new battery can be charged every time the electricity is used above the red light, but it cannot be driven without power. Every time you lose power, the lifespan will be shorter, and the new battery will quickly become obsolete after 10 times of power loss. Charge it in time to avoid loss of power.
6. The most important point is to charge reasonably: Some people say, "The battery is not worn out but charged." This statement is really correct. The charging performance of the battery plays a decisive role in the service life and performance of the battery, so the charging method must be paid attention to. According to the situation of the vast majority of users, the best option is to charge the battery once at a depth of discharge of 50%-70%, so that the battery life can reach the best effect. At the same time, the influence of temperature on charging is also considerable.
In the high temperature season, the battery has the problem of overcharging. The temperature of the battery should be reduced as much as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, and prevent charging immediately after exposure to the sun. Exposure to the sun will increase the temperature of the battery and increase the activity of various active materials in the battery, which affects the service life of the battery. On the contrary, under low temperature conditions, the battery has the problems of poor charging acceptance and insufficient charging. In this case, it is necessary to increase the charging voltage and prolong the charging time, and take heat preservation and antifreeze measures, so as to ensure sufficient charge. Extend the service life of the battery.